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When should intraosseous access be considered a first-line option?

IO

“In cases in which there is an urgent need for medications and fluid resuscitation, whether in infants, children, or adults, and immediate intravenous access is not easily obtainable, intraosseous access should be considered as a first-line option” DeBoer et al (2020).

Overview of intraosseous vascular access

CVC training

“Intraosseous (IO) vascular access refers to the placement of a specialized hollow bore needle through the cortex of a bone, into the medullary space for infusion of medical therapy and laboratory tests” Dornhofer and Kellar (2020).