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"Blood culture detected Candida albicans and plain computed tomography (CT) revealed gas production surrounding the catheter in the brachiocephalic vein (Fig. 1a), leading to a diagnosis of central line-associated candidemia" Fukushima et al (2023).
Biofilm-associated candidal PICC infection

Extract:

“A 45-year-old Japanese woman receiving parenteral nutrition via a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in the upper left arm was hospitalized with postoperative management for hypopharyngeal cancer. Blood culture detected Candida albicans and plain computed tomography (CT) revealed gas production surrounding the catheter in the brachiocephalic vein (Fig. 1a), leading to a diagnosis of central line-associated candidemia. The ophthalmological examination showed fungal endophthalmitis accompanying vitreous turbidity. We immediately extracted the PICC and administered 400 mg of intravenous fosfluconazole per day considering the antifungal susceptibility testing and eye penetration. Despite the antifungal treatment, candidemia persisted for 2 weeks, meanwhile four times of blood culture testings were repeatedly positive.”

Reference:

Fukushima S, Yamamoto K, Nakano Y, Hagiya H, Otsuka F. Biofilm-associated candidal thrombophlebitis. IDCases. 2023 Feb 28;31:e01733. doi: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01733. PMID: 36911868; PMCID: PMC9996341.