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"A retrospective analysis of 124 patients with upper arm infusion port implantation and 130 patients with PICC implantation was performed" Chen et al (2024).
Upper arm implantable port and PICC malposition

Extract:

“A retrospective analysis of 124 patients with upper arm infusion port implantation and 130 patients with PICC implantation was performed. Intravascular electrocardiogram (ECG) localization was performed during catheterization, and the malpositioned catheters were preliminarily identified by the unchanged P wave and further determined by B-ultrasound or X-ray; this was followed by reduction based on the characteristics of catheters.”

Reference:

Chen W, Dai J, Zhang Y, Sun P. Study on the identification and reduction of malposition of primary catheter of the upper arm infusion port placed via peripheral vein. Asian J Surg. 2024 Jan 16:S1015-9584(24)00012-5. doi: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.12.196. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38233272.