A persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is the most common congenital variation of the thoracic venous system, affecting around 0.5% in the general population and around 3.0% in patients with congenital heart disease” Blokland et al (2019).
Abstract:
A persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is the most common congenital variation of the thoracic venous system, affecting around 0.5% in the general population and around 3.0% in patients with congenital heart disease. The most common associated cardiac anomalies are atrioventricular septal defects, conotruncal malformation, bicuspid aortic valve and cor triatriatum. In the majority of cases, a PLSVC does not cause any hemodynamic disturbances or complaints and is an unexpected finding during pacemaker implantation, introducing central venous catheters or cardiovascular imaging for other reasons.
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Reference:
Blokland, D., Lentjes, G.W., Velthuis, B.K., Chamuleau, S.A.J. and Rienks, R. (2019) Persistent left superior vena cava draining into the left superior pulmonary vein in a scuba diver: a case report and literature study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. May 20th. doi: 10.1111/sms.13471.