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This study was undertaken to calculate the incidence of 8 signs and symptoms used for the diagnosis of phlebitis with peripheral intravenous catheters, or short peripheral catheters, and the level of correlation between them” Mihala et al (2018).

Abstract:

This study was undertaken to calculate the incidence of 8 signs and symptoms used for the diagnosis of phlebitis with peripheral intravenous catheters, or short peripheral catheters, and the level of correlation between them. A total of 22 789 daily observations of 6 signs (swelling, erythema, leakage, palpable venous cord, purulent discharge, and warmth) and 2 symptoms (pain and tenderness) were analyzed of 5907 catheter insertion sites. Most signs and symptoms of phlebitis occurred only occasionally or rarely; the incidence of tenderness was highest (5.7%). Correlations were mostly low; warmth correlated strongly with tenderness, swelling, and erythema.



Reference:

Mihala, G.,Ray-Barruel, G., Chopra, V., Webster, J., Wallis, M., Marsh, N., McGrail, M. and Rickard, C.M. (2018) Phlebitis Signs and Symptoms With Peripheral Intravenous Catheters: Incidence and Correlation Study. Journal of Infusion Nursing. 41(4), p.260–263.

doi: 10.1097/NAN.0000000000000288